{"id":4919,"date":"2023-03-24T11:20:15","date_gmt":"2023-03-24T10:20:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/oddeleni-vegetacni-ekologie\/?page_id=4919"},"modified":"2023-07-25T13:36:32","modified_gmt":"2023-07-25T11:36:32","slug":"historie","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/oddeleni-vegetacni-ekologie\/cs\/o-nas\/historie\/","title":{"rendered":"Historie"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Hydroponi\u00ed kultivace T\u0159ebo\u0148. Zleva S. Prat, D. Dykyjov\u00e1, J. Kv\u011bt, K. Fiala<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

Po\u010d\u00e1tky brn\u011bnsk\u00e9ho pracovi\u0161t\u011b Botanick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR spadaj\u00ed ji\u017e do pades\u00e1t\u00fdch let 20. stolet\u00ed, kdy byly v r\u00e1mci \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9 akademie v\u011bd (\u010cSAV) zalo\u017eeny Geobotanick\u00e9 laborato\u0159e<\/strong> v\u00a0Pr\u016fhonic\u00edch (1954) a v\u00a0Brn\u011b (1955). Vedouc\u00edm brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 laborato\u0159e se stal Jan \u0160marda, bryolog, fytogeograf, geobotanik a mykocenolog. K\u00a01. lednu 1962 vznikl spojen\u00edm obou Geobotanick\u00fdch laborato\u0159\u00ed Botanick\u00fd \u00fastav \u010cSAV.<\/p>\n

Z\u00a0brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 laborato\u0159e se stalo Ekologick\u00e9 odd\u011blen\u00ed<\/strong>, jeho\u017e veden\u00ed se ujala Milena Rychnovsk\u00e1. V\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech zde p\u016fsobili p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Kamil Rybn\u00ed\u010dek, Eli\u0161ka Rybn\u00ed\u010dkov\u00e1, Emilie Bal\u00e1tov\u00e1, Blanka \u00dalehlov\u00e1 a Robert Neuh\u00e4usl. Cel\u00e1 skupina se v\u00fdznamn\u011b pod\u00edlela na geobotanick\u00e9m mapov\u00e1n\u00ed, jej\u00edm\u017e v\u00fdsledkem pozd\u011bji bylo vyd\u00e1n\u00ed Geobotanick\u00e9 mapy \u010cesk\u00fdch zem\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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Kameni\u010dky, \u010cMV. Zleva K. Fiala, B. Pet\u0159\u00edk, H. Gloser <\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

Ekologick\u00e9 odd\u011blen\u00ed v\u00a0Brn\u011b se profilovalo dv\u011bma sm\u011bry. Ekologick\u00e1 skupina<\/strong> pracovala pod veden\u00edm Mileny Rychnovsk\u00e9 na v\u00fdzkumu ekofyziologie na modelu kavyl\u016f a kost\u0159av, dopln\u011bnou o studium mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010dinnosti (Blanka \u00dalehlov\u00e1) a navazuj\u00edc\u00ed studium fungov\u00e1n\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f aluvi\u00e1ln\u00edch luk u Lan\u017ehota. Prob\u00edhalo tak\u00e9 synekologick\u00e9 studium jihomoravsk\u00fdch aluvi\u00e1ln\u00edch luk (Emilie Bal\u00e1tov\u00e1) a komplexn\u00ed studium jihomoravsk\u00fdch mok\u0159ad\u016f (Jan Kv\u011bt).<\/p>\n

Na tento v\u00fdzkum nav\u00e1zal pak v\u00a0sedmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch letech projekt \u201eKameni\u010dky\u201c, za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00fd do mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho programu \u010clov\u011bk a biosf\u00e9ra<\/a>. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci tohoto projektu byla studov\u00e1na struktura, produk\u010dn\u00ed procesy a kolob\u011bh uhl\u00edku a dus\u00edku v\u00a0podhorsk\u00e9 louce na \u010ceskomoravsk\u00e9 vyso\u010din\u011b, kter\u00e1 byla obhospoda\u0159ov\u00e1v\u00e1na r\u016fzn\u00fdmi typy managementu. Na v\u00fdzkumu se tak\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u011b pod\u00edleli p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Jan Gloser, Jana Jaklov\u00e1, Karel Fiala, Marta Tesa\u0159ov\u00e1 a Pavel \u0160m\u00edd. Krom\u011b toho se skupina v\u011bnovala v\u00fdvoji nov\u00fdch laboratorn\u00edch a ter\u00e9nn\u00edch metod pro ekologick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum (viz M. Rychnovsk\u00e1 a kol., Metody studia travinn\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f, Academia, 1987).<\/p>\n

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Ji\u017en\u00ed \u010cechy, Novo\u0159eck\u00e1 Ba\u0161ta. Zleva J. Kv\u011bt, S. Hejn\u00fd, K. Fiala <\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

Druh\u00fd sm\u011br se definoval jako Palynologick\u00e1, pozd\u011bji Paleoekologick\u00e1 skupina<\/strong>, kterou vedla Eli\u0161ka Rybn\u00ed\u010dkov\u00e1. D\u00e1le zde p\u016fsobili Kamil Rybn\u00ed\u010dek<\/a>, Vlasta Jankovsk\u00e1<\/a>, Helena Svobodov\u00e1<\/a> \u010di Marie Peichlov\u00e1. Skupina byla zam\u011b\u0159ena na studium v\u00fdvoje vegetace v\u00a0postglaci\u00e1lu na cel\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed b\u00fdval\u00e9ho \u010ceskoslovenska. Mezi zkouman\u00fdmi \u00fazem\u00edmi byla \u010ceskomoravsk\u00e1 vrchovina, ji\u017en\u00ed \u010cechy, Kru\u0161n\u00e9 hory, Krkono\u0161e, Jesen\u00edky, Jizersk\u00e9 hory, Rakovnicko, ji\u017en\u00ed Morava, Horn\u00ed Orava, Vysok\u00e9 Tatry a podtatransk\u00e9 kotliny. V\u00fdzkum byl \u010dasto napojen na problematiku \u0159e\u0161enou v Geobotanick\u00e9m odd\u011blen\u00ed Botanick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu v\u00a0Pr\u016fhonic\u00edch<\/a>. V\u00fdsledky b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed byly kni\u017en\u00ed publikace v\u00a0r\u00e1mci Vegetace \u010cSSR, paleogeobotanick\u00e9 mapy \u010cesk\u00fdch zem\u00ed (prvn\u00ed sv\u00e9ho druhu u n\u00e1s, popisuj\u00edc\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed d\u0159evin na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch historic\u00edch obdob\u00edch) a \u0159ada \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f v\u00a0odborn\u00fdch periodik\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

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Ji\u017en\u00ed \u010cechy, Novo\u0159eck\u00e1 Ba\u0161ta. Zleva M.Tesa\u0159ov\u00e1, S. Hejn\u00fd, K. Fiala, R. Kv\u011btov\u00e1, O. Hejn\u00e1, E. Rejm\u00e1nkov\u00e1, B. \u00dalehlov\u00e1, J. Kv\u011bt<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

V\u00a0roce 1983 bylo Ekologick\u00e9 odd\u011blen\u00ed za\u010dlen\u011bno do nov\u011b vytvo\u0159en\u00e9ho \u00dastavu experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed fytotechniky<\/strong>. Struktura \u00fastavu a jeho v\u011bdeck\u00e1 koncepce byla do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry d\u00e1na osobn\u00edmi ambicemi veden\u00ed \u00fastavu a politick\u00fdmi rozhodnut\u00edmi. Polovina osmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch let tak p\u0159edstavovala ur\u010ditou stagnaci v\u00a0ter\u00e9nn\u00edch v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch aktivit\u00e1ch. V\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch letech se nicm\u00e9n\u011b poda\u0159ilo vydat n\u011bkolik kni\u017en\u00edch publikac\u00ed shrnuj\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159edchoz\u00ed v\u00fdzkum. Za v\u0161echny zmi\u0148me knihu Ekologie lu\u010dn\u00edch porost\u016f (Academia, 1985), kter\u00e1 je prvn\u00edm ucelen\u00fdm d\u00edlem pojedn\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm o louk\u00e1ch z\u00a0komplexn\u00edho ekosyst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho a synekologick\u00e9ho hlediska. Pro svou kvalitu byly tyto v\u00fdsledky zahrnuty i do sv\u011btov\u00fdch synt\u00e9z t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se temper\u00e1tn\u00edch luk.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed zm\u011bny organiza\u010dn\u00ed a v\u011bdn\u00ed koncepce nastaly v\u00a0roce 1987, kdy spojen\u00edm \u00dastavu experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed fytotechniky \u010cSAV a \u00dastavu pro v\u00fdzkum obratlovc\u016f \u010cSAV vznik\u00e1 multidisciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed, \u0161iroce koncipovan\u00fd \u00dastav systematick\u00e9 a ekologick\u00e9 biologie \u010cSAV<\/strong>. Jeho sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed bylo Odd\u011blen\u00ed travinn\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f<\/strong>. Tento \u00fastav byl nicm\u00e9n\u011b ji\u017e v\u00a0roce 1993 op\u011bt slou\u010den s \u00dastavem krajinn\u00e9 ekologie AV \u010cR<\/strong> se s\u00eddlem v\u00a0Brn\u011b (\u0159editel M. Pe\u0148\u00e1z) do stejnojmenn\u00e9 instituce.<\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco se skupina zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se v\u00fdzkumem travinn\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f za\u010dlenila do nov\u011b vznikl\u00e9ho \u00fastavu, pracovn\u00edci paleoekologick\u00e9 skupiny byli\u00a0za\u010dlen\u011bni op\u011bt do Botanick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR<\/strong> se s\u00eddlem v\u00a0Pr\u016fhonic\u00edch. Organiza\u010dn\u011b t\u011b\u017ekop\u00e1dn\u00fd \u00dastav ekologie krajiny byl v\u0161ak o p\u011bt let pozd\u011bji znovu reorganizov\u00e1n. Odd\u011blen\u00ed travinn\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f p\u0159i\u0161lo zp\u011bt do Botanick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu a znovuspojen\u00edm s\u00a0paleoekologickou skupinou vytvo\u0159ilo Odd\u011blen\u00ed ekologie Brno<\/strong>. To bylo v\u00a0roce 2009 p\u0159ejmenov\u00e1no na Odd\u011blen\u00ed vegeta\u010dn\u00ed ekologie<\/strong>, co\u017e souhrnn\u011b vyjad\u0159uje historickou kontinuitu a sou\u010dasn\u00e9 zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed pracovi\u0161t\u011b. Od roku 2017 se z\u00a0odd\u011blen\u00ed vy\u010dlenila Paleoekologick\u00e1 laborato\u0159<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 za c\u00edl d\u00e1le rozv\u00edjet v\u00fdzkum prehistorie vegetace.<\/p>\n

Posledn\u00ed dv\u011b desetilet\u00ed<\/b><\/p>\n

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Beskydy, B\u00edl\u00e1 Ostravice. Zleva P. Holub, K. Fiala, J. Jakrlov\u00e1, I. T\u016fma <\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

Od za\u010d\u00e1tku devades\u00e1t\u00fdch let, kdy byla \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e1 akademie v\u011bd transformov\u00e1na v\u00a0Akademii v\u011bd \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky, je zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu ur\u010dov\u00e1no \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdmi n\u00e1vrhy grantov\u00fdch projekt\u016f. T\u0159i t\u0159\u00edlet\u00e9 projekty (1<\/a>, 2<\/a>, 3<\/a>) byly zam\u011b\u0159eny na studium fungov\u00e1n\u00ed travinn\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f a jejich \u00falohy na odlesn\u011bn\u00fdch ploch\u00e1ch po imisn\u00edch kalamit\u00e1ch. Poda\u0159ilo se stanovit pozitivn\u00ed vliv travinn\u00fdch porost\u016f na redukci kysel\u00e9ho p\u016fdn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a vyplavov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivin dan\u00e9 kysel\u00fdmi depozicemi. Studium vztah\u016f mezi porosty kapradin a p\u016fdou<\/a> p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k\u00a0pozn\u00e1n\u00ed \u00falohy kapradin na odlesn\u011bn\u00fdch ploch\u00e1ch. Dal\u0161\u00ed t\u0159i grantov\u00e9 projekty p\u0159isp\u011bly k\u00a0pozn\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010din a d\u016fsledk\u016f expanze dlouhost\u00e9beln\u00fdch trav do lu\u010dn\u00edch spole\u010denstev.<\/p>\n

Paleoekologick\u00e1 pracovn\u00ed skupina nav\u00e1zala na dosavadn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumy v\u00a0grantov\u00fdch projektech Srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed studie o v\u00fdvoji vegetace a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9ho masivu a Karpat<\/a>\u00a0a zejm\u00e9na Synt\u00e9za dosavadn\u00edch studi\u00ed o historii vegetace \u010cR a SR<\/a>. V\u00a0letech 1999\u20132004 koordinovala tato skupina \u0161iroce pojat\u00fd multidisciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed projekt Svahov\u00e1 prameni\u0161t\u011b moravsko-slovensk\u00e9ho pomez\u00ed<\/a>, na kter\u00e9m se pod\u00edlela pracovi\u0161t\u011b univerzit v Brn\u011b a Olomouci.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b od roku 2005 se postupn\u011b zv\u011bt\u0161oval d\u016fraz na v\u00fdzkum diverzity vegetace a od roku 2008 d\u00edky p\u011btilet\u00e9mu grantov\u00e9mu projektu N\u00ed\u017einn\u00e9 lesy v\u00a0perspektiv\u011b historick\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje<\/a>\u00a0 na v\u00fdzkum historie interakce \u010dlov\u011bka vegetace. Prvn\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vy\u00fastilo ve spoluautorstv\u00ed pracovn\u00edk\u016f odd\u011blen\u00ed na \u010dty\u0159d\u00edln\u00e9 monografii Vegetace \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky<\/a>, jej\u00ed\u017e zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a publikace byly podpo\u0159eny granty GA \u010cR. Posledn\u00ed z\u00a0nich z\u00edskal v\u00a0roce 2012 Cenu p\u0159edsedy Grantov\u00e9 agentury \u010cR. Zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na historickou ekologii p\u0159ineslo z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed grantov\u00e9 podpory European Research Council na projekt Dlouhodob\u00e1 dynamika les\u016f ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b: od odhad\u016f k realistick\u00e9mu modelu<\/a>\u00a0 (2012\u20132016).<\/p>\n

Um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed pracovi\u0161t\u011b<\/strong><\/p>\n

Za t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u0161est desetilet\u00ed sv\u00e9 existence za\u017eilo brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 pracovi\u0161t\u011b pouze jedno del\u0161\u00ed obdob\u00ed stabiln\u00edho um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed. T\u0159icet let (1961\u20131991) s\u00eddlilo na adrese Star\u00e1 18.<\/p>\n