{"id":947,"date":"2022-11-13T13:17:24","date_gmt":"2022-11-13T12:17:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/?p=947"},"modified":"2025-07-07T11:34:05","modified_gmt":"2025-07-07T09:34:05","slug":"za-rodem-pteronia-do-jizni-afriky-a-namibie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/?p=947","title":{"rendered":"Za rodem Pteronia do Ji\u017en\u00ed Afriky a Namibie"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u011bhem na\u0161ich cest do Ji\u017en\u00ed Afriky (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kapsk\u00e9 kv\u011btenn\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e), kter\u00e1 n\u00e1s dlouhodob\u011b fascinuje sv\u00fdm rostlinn\u00fdm bohatstv\u00edm, jsme narazili na rod, kter\u00fd jsme z na\u0161ich kon\u010din neznali. Vzhledem k v\u00edce ne\u017e 9 tis\u00edc\u016fm druh\u016f kapsk\u00fdch c\u00e9vnat\u00fdch rostlin, z nich\u017e 68 % tvo\u0159\u00ed endemity, tj. rostliny, kter\u00e9 nerostou nikde jinde na sv\u011bt\u011b, to nen\u00ed zas a\u017e tak p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b n\u00e1m p\u0159i\u0161el v mnoha ohledech tak zaj\u00edmav\u00fd, \u017ee jsme se na n\u011bj pod\u00edvali trochu zevrubn\u011bji, a te\u010f v\u00e1m ho m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159edstavit. Jmenuje se Pteronia, z \u0159eck\u00e9ho slova pteron, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 k\u0159\u00eddlo. \u010cesk\u00fd n\u00e1zev nem\u00e1, v angli\u010dtin\u011b se mu \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 resin daisy, n\u011bco jako prysky\u0159i\u010dn\u00e1 sedmikr\u00e1ska \u010di kopretina. To napov\u00edd\u00e1 faktu, \u017ee podobn\u011b jako zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 rostliny pat\u0159\u00ed do \u010deledi hv\u011bzdnicovit\u00e9 (Asteraceae), na rozd\u00edl od nich ale kvete p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b \u017elut\u011b. Dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1zev je pak gumbush (anglicky) nebo gombos (afrik\u00e1nsky), \u010dili \u201elepkav\u00fd ke\u0159\u201c, odkazuj\u00edc\u00ed na jeho lepkav\u00e1 kv\u011btenstv\u00ed, resp. z\u00e1krovn\u00ed listeny. Pat\u0159\u00ed k typick\u00fdm z\u00e1stupc\u016fm jihoafrick\u00e9 fl\u00f3ry, \u010dasto tvo\u0159\u00ed dominantu v rostlinn\u00fdch spole\u010denstvech, ve kter\u00fdch se vyskytuje. V sou\u010dasnosti je popsan\u00fdch 70\u201380 druh\u016f. V Ji\u017en\u00ed Africe ho najdeme p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v sukulentn\u00edm karoo (vegetace tu\u010dnolist\u00fdch rostlin s p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017enou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed roku zcela bez vody) a n\u011bco p\u0159es 10 druh\u016f ve fynbosu (zapojen\u00e9 ke\u0159ovit\u00e9 porosty rostouc\u00ed na chud\u00fdch p\u016fd\u00e1ch s dostatkem zimn\u00edch sr\u00e1\u017eek a periodick\u00fdmi letn\u00edmi po\u017e\u00e1ry). P\u0159es 20 druh\u016f roste v Namibii a uv\u00e1d\u00ed se, \u017ee se vyskytuje i v dal\u0161\u00edch jihoafrick\u00fdch zem\u00edch, jako je Lesotho, Svazijsko, Angola, Zimbabwe a Zambie. Jedn\u00e1 se o vytrval\u00e9, d\u0159evnat\u00e9 a v\u011bt\u0161inou st\u00e1lezelen\u00e9 ke\u0159e o v\u00fd\u0161ce od 0,2 do 2 m. Morfologie rodu je rozmanit\u00e1, druhy se v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed sv\u00fdm celkov\u00fdm vzez\u0159en\u00edm, kv\u011bty i tvarem list\u016f. Jednot\u00edc\u00edm znakem je utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed typick\u00fdch mnohovrstevn\u00fdch z\u00e1krov\u016f a p\u0159\u00edtomnost pouze trubkovit\u00fdch kv\u011bt\u016f. O tom, \u017ee jsou rostliny rozd\u00edln\u00e9 u\u017e od stadia semen\u00e1\u010dk\u016f, jsme se p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dili i ve sklen\u00edkov\u00e9m z\u00e1zem\u00ed Botanick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu v Pr\u016fhonic\u00edch, kde p\u011bstujeme rostlinky ze semen.<\/p>\n

Cel\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek k p\u0159e\u010dten\u00ed a ke sta\u017een\u00ed naleznete zde<\/a> (920 kB).<\/p>\n

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920 N\u011bkolik z\u00e1stupc\u016f pteroni\u00ed roste i na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, mezi nimi nap\u0159. Pteronia ovalifolia<\/em>. Foto K. \u0160emberov\u00e1<\/p><\/div>\n

V\u00edce v\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nku: Chumov\u00e1 Z. & Tr\u00e1vn\u00ed\u010dek P. (2022): Za rodem Pteronia do Ji\u017en\u00ed Afriky a Namibie. Botanika 2\/2022: 2\u20134.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u011bhem na\u0161ich cest do Ji\u017en\u00ed Afriky (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kapsk\u00e9 kv\u011btenn\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e), kter\u00e1 n\u00e1s dlouhodob\u011b fascinuje sv\u00fdm rostlinn\u00fdm bohatstv\u00edm, jsme narazili na rod, kter\u00fd jsme z na\u0161ich kon\u010din neznali. Vzhledem k v\u00edce ne\u017e 9 tis\u00edc\u016fm druh\u016f kapsk\u00fdch c\u00e9vnat\u00fdch rostlin, z nich\u017e 68 % tvo\u0159\u00ed endemity, tj. rostliny, kter\u00e9 nerostou nikde jinde na sv\u011bt\u011b, to nen\u00ed zas a\u017e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":948,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[684],"tags":[678,680,676,682,674],"class_list":["post-947","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-2022-2","tag-aloe-pillansii","tag-endemit-pteronia-anisata","tag-karoo","tag-pteronia-cederbergensis","tag-sukulenty"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/947","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=947"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/947\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1555,"href":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/947\/revisions\/1555"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/948"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=947"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=947"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=947"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}