{"id":645,"date":"2021-04-15T06:42:29","date_gmt":"2021-04-15T04:42:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/?p=645"},"modified":"2023-02-01T14:53:18","modified_gmt":"2023-02-01T13:53:18","slug":"mrtve-pisky-stredozemniho-more-aneb-bioeroze-schranek-invaznich-dirkovcu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/?p=645","title":{"rendered":"Mrtv\u00e9 p\u00edsky St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e aneb bioeroze schr\u00e1nek invazn\u00edch d\u00edrkovc\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Zv\u00eddav\u00fd \u010dten\u00e1\u0159 asi zpozorn\u00ed \u2013 pro\u010d by m\u011bly b\u00fdt p\u00edsky mrtv\u00e9? Nebo je\u0161t\u011b zv\u00eddav\u011bji \u2013 o jak\u00e9 p\u00edsky se vlastn\u011b jedn\u00e1? Nebo \u00fapln\u011b od za\u010d\u00e1tku: co je to p\u00edsek? \u010ci zcela logicky a jaksi z druh\u00e9 strany \u2013 existuj\u00ed snad n\u011bjak\u00e9 \u017eiv\u00e9 p\u00edsky? Tedy: ano, existuj\u00ed\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Term\u00edn \u017eiv\u00e9 p\u00edsky (z anglick\u00e9ho living sands) byl zaveden v devades\u00e1t\u00fdch letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed pro specifick\u00e1 spole\u010denstv\u00ed tropick\u00fdch a subtropick\u00fdch d\u00edrkovc\u016f (=d\u00edrkono\u0161c\u016f, z latinsk\u00e9ho Foraminifera, tedy nesouc\u00ed otvory), kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eij\u00ed v symbi\u00f3ze s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi fotosyntetizuj\u00edc\u00edmi mikroorganismy (sinice, \u0159asy, rozsivky, obrn\u011bnky) a jejich\u017e pov\u011bt\u0161inou v\u00e1penat\u00e9 schr\u00e1nky m\u00edsty p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed dominantn\u00ed substr\u00e1t mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho dna. Na\u0161inec uvykl\u00fd na p\u00eds\u010dit\u00e9 pl\u00e1\u017ee Baltu \u010di severoz\u00e1padn\u00edho Jadranu by byl na mnoha m\u00edstech Indo-Pacifiku jist\u011b nem\u00e1lo p\u0159ekvapen, \u017ee m\u00e1 v hrsti m\u00edsto drobounk\u00fdch do kulata omlet\u00fdch zrnek miner\u00e1ln\u00edho p\u00edsku stovky miniaturn\u00edch, le\u010d i neozbrojen\u00fdm okem dob\u0159e rozeznateln\u00fdch biogenn\u00edch schr\u00e1nek nab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch \u010dasto velmi bizarn\u00edch tvar\u016f, esteticky m\u00e9n\u011b zalo\u017een\u00e9ho pozorovatele by snad udivil alespo\u0148 fakt, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o jednobun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 organismy, jedny z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>S postupuj\u00edc\u00ed zm\u011bnou klimatu nav\u00edc nen\u00ed t\u0159eba za podobnou zku\u0161enost\u00ed cestovat do jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie \u2013 skrze Suezsk\u00fd pr\u016fplav v minulosti doputovalo do St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed i mnoho velmi zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch cizokrajn\u00fdch d\u00edrkovc\u016f a asi nejhojn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z nich, invazn\u00ed <em>Amphistegina lobifera<\/em> (\u010desk\u00e9 jm\u00e9no zat\u00edm nem\u00e1), ji\u017e dos\u00e1hl pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Malty, jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Sic\u00edlie a ji\u017en\u00ed Alb\u00e1nie. Jakmile se na p\u0159\u00edhodn\u00e9 lokalit\u011b usad\u00ed, za\u010dne se exponenci\u00e1ln\u011b mno\u017eit a utv\u00e1\u0159et prakticky monotypick\u00e9 \u017eiv\u00e9 p\u00edsky, kter\u00e9 jsou sice pod drobnohledem p\u0159ekr\u00e1sn\u00e9 (viz obr. na t\u00e9to stran\u011b), ale maj\u00ed velmi neblah\u00fd vliv nejen na p\u0159irozen\u00e1 spole\u010denstva p\u016fvodn\u00edch d\u00edrkovc\u016f.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_647\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-647\" class=\"wp-image-647\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/19\/2021\/03\/dno-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Substr\u00e1t mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho dna z pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Malty dominovan\u00fd d\u00edrkovcem Amphistegina lobifera. Substr\u00e1tem pror\u016fstaj\u00ed jedinci posidonie Neptunovy (Posidonia oceanica), \u017eiv\u00ed jedinci A. lobifera se tak\u00e9 epifyticky vyskytuj\u00ed na jej\u00edch listech a st\u00e9lk\u00e1ch okolo rostouc\u00edch mo\u0159sk\u00fdch \u0159as. Foto M. Vohn\u00edk\" width=\"600\" height=\"602\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/19\/2021\/03\/dno-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/19\/2021\/03\/dno-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/19\/2021\/03\/dno-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/19\/2021\/03\/dno.jpg 695w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-647\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Substr\u00e1t mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho dna z pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Malty dominovan\u00fd d\u00edrkovcem <em>Amphistegina lobifera<\/em>. Substr\u00e1tem pror\u016fstaj\u00ed jedinci posidonie Neptunovy (<em>Posidonia oceanica<\/em>), \u017eiv\u00ed jedinci A. lobifera se tak\u00e9 epifyticky vyskytuj\u00ed na jej\u00edch listech a st\u00e9lk\u00e1ch okolo rostouc\u00edch mo\u0159sk\u00fdch \u0159as.<br \/>Foto M. Vohn\u00edk<\/p><\/div>\n<p><em>V\u00edce v \u010dl\u00e1nku: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/19\/2021\/04\/2020-02-Vohnik.pdf\">Vohn\u00edk M., Macha\u010d J., He\u0159manov\u00e1 Z. (2020): Mrtv\u00e9 p\u00edsky St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e aneb bioeroze schr\u00e1nek invazn\u00edch d\u00edrkovc\u016f. Botanika 8\/2: 16\u201318.<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zv\u00eddav\u00fd \u010dten\u00e1\u0159 asi zpozorn\u00ed \u2013 pro\u010d by m\u011bly b\u00fdt p\u00edsky mrtv\u00e9? Nebo je\u0161t\u011b zv\u00eddav\u011bji \u2013 o jak\u00e9 p\u00edsky se vlastn\u011b jedn\u00e1? Nebo \u00fapln\u011b od za\u010d\u00e1tku: co je to p\u00edsek? \u010ci zcela logicky a jaksi z druh\u00e9 strany \u2013 existuj\u00ed snad n\u011bjak\u00e9 \u017eiv\u00e9 p\u00edsky? Tedy: ano, existuj\u00ed\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":646,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[244],"tags":[29,33,71,83,63,77,75,79,81,73],"class_list":["post-645","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-2020-2","tag-bioeroze","tag-dirkovci","tag-elektronova-mikroskopie","tag-fosilni-schranky","tag-invaze","tag-morske-dno","tag-morske-rasy","tag-posidonie-neptunova-posidonia-oceanica","tag-rentgenova-pocitacova-mikrotomografie","tag-zive-pisky"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/645","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=645"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/645\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1015,"href":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/645\/revisions\/1015"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/646"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=645"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=645"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=645"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}