{"id":635,"date":"2021-04-15T06:42:29","date_gmt":"2021-04-15T04:42:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/?p=635"},"modified":"2023-02-01T14:37:27","modified_gmt":"2023-02-01T13:37:27","slug":"buk-nejvyznamnejsi-ceska-drevina-pro-lisejniky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/?p=635","title":{"rendered":"Buk \u2013 nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010desk\u00e1 d\u0159evina pro li\u0161ejn\u00edky?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Buk lesn\u00ed (Fagus sylvatica<\/em>) a lesy j\u00edm tvo\u0159en\u00e9 nen\u00ed t\u0159eba p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 p\u0159edstavovat. Buk je roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b Evropy a je \u010dasto dominantn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed lesn\u00edch porost\u016f. Odhady jeho p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho zastoupen\u00ed (tzn. bez zm\u011bny druhov\u00e9 skladby zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 \u010dlov\u011bkem) v \u010desk\u00fdch les\u00edch se pohybuj\u00ed kolem 40 %, co\u017e z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed z\u0159ejm\u011b potenci\u00e1ln\u011b nejhojn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed d\u0159evinu u n\u00e1s. Jeho aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed zastoupen\u00ed v na\u0161ich les\u00edch se v\u0161ak pohybuje pouze okolo 10 %. V\u00fd\u0161kov\u00e9 optimum v\u00fdskytu buku v \u010cR se nach\u00e1z\u00ed zhruba mezi 500 a\u017e 1 000 m n. m., ale hojn\u011b se m\u016f\u017ee vyskytovat na p\u0159\u00edhodn\u00fdch stanovi\u0161t\u00edch i mimo toto rozmez\u00ed. Obvykle se do\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 200 a\u017e 400 let. Pro zaj\u00edmavost \u2013 nejstar\u0161\u00ed \u017eiv\u00fd evropsk\u00fd buk je zmi\u0148ov\u00e1n z rakousk\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku Kalkalpen (V\u00e1pencov\u00e9 Alpy, pozn. redakce) a aktu\u00e1ln\u011b by m\u011bl b\u00fdt 547 let star\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Odum\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed buky i jejich torza jsou cenn\u00fdm substr\u00e1tem pro celou \u0159adu epifytick\u00fdch i endofytick\u00fdch (rostouc\u00edch na povrchu nebo uvnit\u0159 stromu) organism\u016f,\u00a0zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pak hub, mechorost\u016f a li\u0161ejn\u00edk\u016f. U li\u0161ejn\u00edk\u016f dokonce opakovan\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00edme k v\u00fdsledk\u016fm, \u017ee na buku roste ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s dal\u0161\u00edmi \u010desk\u00fdmi d\u0159evinami nejv\u00edce druh\u016f epifyt\u016f. Jak je to ale doopravdy? Na to n\u00e1m odpov\u00ed Ji\u0159\u00ed Mal\u00ed\u010dek ve sv\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\nPralesovit\u00e1 jedlobu\u010dina v n\u00e1rodn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed rezervaci Salajka v Beskydech. Foto J. Mal\u00ed\u010dek<\/p>\n

V\u00edce v \u010dl\u00e1nku: Mal\u00ed\u010dek J. (2020): Buk \u2013 nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010desk\u00e1 d\u0159evina pro li\u0161ejn\u00edky? Botanika 8\/2: 2\u20134.<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Buk lesn\u00ed (Fagus sylvatica) a lesy j\u00edm tvo\u0159en\u00e9 nen\u00ed t\u0159eba p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 p\u0159edstavovat. Buk je roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b Evropy a je \u010dasto dominantn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed lesn\u00edch porost\u016f. Odhady jeho p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho zastoupen\u00ed (tzn. bez zm\u011bny druhov\u00e9 skladby zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 \u010dlov\u011bkem) v \u010desk\u00fdch les\u00edch se pohybuj\u00ed kolem 40 %, co\u017e z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed z\u0159ejm\u011b potenci\u00e1ln\u011b nejhojn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed d\u0159evinu u n\u00e1s.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":638,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[244],"tags":[53,25,45,51,55,47,49],"class_list":["post-635","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-2020-2","tag-bacidia-rubella","tag-buk-lesni","tag-epifyticke-lisejniky","tag-graphis-scripta","tag-gyalecta-flotowii","tag-jiri-malicek","tag-porina-aenea"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/635","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=635"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/635\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1008,"href":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/635\/revisions\/1008"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/638"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=635"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=635"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz\/botanika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=635"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}